CHANGES RAPIDLY

The Data is loaded at the first and then updated every 15 minutes.

For World Tracker, it might not reflect some cases still being reported. Numbers are based on official estimates, which may not account for unverified cases in countries lacking the proper infrastructure to diagnose patients. The '+' sign means that the newly collected data is recorded during the day. Changes may result in untimely updates/unreported data for the linked region.

For Vietnam Tracker, the data on cities/provinces already includes pending cases numbered by the Ministry of Health of Vietnam.

NEW UPDATES

Information about Vaccine and Coronavirus Variant have been added in the 'Read More' selection.

• PFIZER (USA/GERMANY)

Recommended for: Anyone 12 or older.

Efficacy: ~95%.

Dosage: 2 doses, 21 days apart.

Common side effects: Chills, headache, pain, tiredness, and/or redness and swelling at the injection site, all of which generally resolve within a day or two.

Manufacturer/Developer: Pfizer, BioNTech, Fosun Pharma.

Technology: mRNA.

• MODERNA (USA)

Recommended for: Adults 18 and older.

Efficacy: ~95%.

Dosage: 2 doses, 28 days apart.

Common side effects: Similar to the Pfizer vaccine, side effects can include chills, headache, pain, tiredness, and/or redness and swelling at the injection site, all of which generally resolve within a day or two.

Manufacturer/Developer: Moderna, NIAID.

Technology: mRNA

• JANSSEN (USA/BELGIUM)

Recommended for: Adults 18 and older.

Efficacy: ~66%.

Dosage: 1 dose.

Common side effects: Fatigue, fever headache, injection site pain, or myalgia (pain in a muscle or group of muscles), all of which generally resolve within a day or two.

Manufacturer/Developer: Johnson & Johnson.

Technology: Viral Vector.

• ASTRAZENECA (UK)

Recommended for: Adults 18 and older.

Efficacy: ~83%.

Dosage: 2 doses, 4-12 weeks apart.

Common side effects: Tenderness, pain, warmth, redness, itching, swelling or bruising at the injection site, all of which generally resolve within a day or two.

Manufacturer/Developer: AstraZeneca, Oxford.

Technology: Viral Vector.

• SPUTNIK-V (RUSSIA)

Recommended for: Adults 18 and older.

Efficacy: ~92%.

Dosage: 2 doses, 3 weeks apart.

Common side effects: Tenderness, pain, warmth, redness, itching, swelling or bruising at the injection site, all of which generally resolve within a day or two.

Manufacturer/Developer: Gamaleya.

Technology: Viral Vector.

• SINOVAC (CHINA)

Recommended for: Adults 18 and older.

Efficacy: ~51%.

Dosage: 2 doses, 2-4 weeks apart.

Common side effects: Fatigue, headache, muscle pain, all of which generally resolve within a day or two.

Manufacturer/Developer: Sinovac Biotech

Technology: Inactivated Virus.

• SINOPHARM (CHINA)

Recommended for: Adults 18 and older.

Efficacy: ~79%.

Dosage: 2 doses, 3-4 weeks apart.

Common side effects: Fatigue, headache, muscle pain, all of which generally resolve within a day or two.

Manufacturer/Developer: Sinopharm Group

Technology: Inactivated Virus.

• NOVAVAX (USA)

Recommended for: The vaccine is being studied in adults ages 18-84.

Efficacy: ~90%.

Dosage: 2 doses, 3 weeks apart.

Common side effects: Injection site tenderness, fatigue, headache, muscle pain.

Manufacturer/Developer: Novavax

Technology: Protein Subunit.

• NANOCOVAX (VIETNAM)

Recommended for: Adults 18 and older.

Efficacy: ~90%.

Dosage: 2 doses, 21 days apart.

Common side effects: Injection site tenderness, fatigue, headache, muscle pain.

Manufacturer/Developer: NanoGen Pharma

Technology: Protein Subunit.

- Aggregated from World Health Organization (WHO) -

MRNA - THE POSTMAN

It is the most advanced and widely available technology in the world owned by Pfizer (USA/Germany) and Moderna (USA). Using only Covid-19's mRNA genetic code like a postman, when injected into the body, this code will tell human cells to produce the virus's own protein, thereby creating antibodies.

The great advantages of these vaccines are less side effects, very high rate of immunogenicity (90-95%), but the obstacles are high price (25-30 usd/dose) and difficult storage (Pfizer needs cold at minus 70 degrees Celsius, Moderna needs less cold).

VIRAL VECTOR - THE TRANSPORTER

This is considered the second most widely available vaccine. Three vaccine companies of Johnson & Johnson (USA/Belgium), AstraZeneca (UK) and Sputnik-V (Russia) use this vector technology. They implanted a piece of the Covid-19 gene into a harmless virus (such as the flu virus, or an adenovirus), and then had it transport the gene segment into human cells. The cell will use that gene to produce a specific protein fragment of Covid-19. Once injected, it teaches the immune system how to fight the actual virus.

The advantages are good immunogenicity (65%-95%), easy storage (just a common refrigerator) and cheap price (only 3-4 USD/dose). A few deaths have been reported with the AstraZeneca vaccine.

INACTIVATED VIRUS - THE MUMMIES

Sinovac (China) and Covaxin (India) vaccines follow classical technology, which means culturing large numbers of Covid-19 viruses and then inactivating them with chemicals that make them unable to reproduce or cause disease. Once injected, your body gets used to the virus. When live viruses invade, your body immediately recognizes and destroys them. In addition to China, the countries that have used the vaccine include the UAE, Pakistan and Hungary.

The outstanding advantage of this inactivated vaccine is that it is cheap and available, but the rate of immunity is low̉ (50%-78% of the injectors develop immunity), that is, only 5-8 people get antibodies after 10 injections.

PROTEIN SUBUNIT - THE PROTECTOR

It is the newest vaccine currently on the market. Novavax's technology (USA) combines both new and old techniques. To make the vaccine, Novavax combines another virus, a baculovirus (moth body cells), and the genetic information needed to make the spike protein. When these cells are infected with SARS-CoV-2, they produce spike proteins. Scientists 'harvest' and connect these spike proteins to nanoparticles to protect the body from the attack of the Covid-19 virus. Although still in the testing process, Nanovax has now been shown to be 91% effective in high-risk populations.

The advantage of this vaccine is that it creates strong immunity and has few side effects. The main problems experienced by volunteers trying the vaccine were fatigue, headaches, and muscle aches that lasted about two days.

Besides, NanoCovax (Vietnam) also has the same technology but combines with hamster ovary cells instead of moth cells. The disadvantage of developing this vaccine is the problem of time because it has to be cloned and selected on cells, but the biggest advantage is its high safety, the ability to create a good immune response.

- Aggregated from World Health Organization (WHO) -

• REMDESIVIR (USA)

Description: Sold under the brand name Veklury. This is Broad-spectrum antigens are given intravenously. It has been approved or authorized for emergency use to treat covid in about 50 countries. Originally developed to treat hepatitis C, it was later investigated for Ebola and Marburg disease before being studied as a treatment for COVID-19.

Common side effects: Increased liver enzyme levels in the blood, nausea, low blood pressure, sweating.

Research name: GS-5734.

Manufacturer/Developer: Gilead Sciences, Cipla.

• SOTROVIMAB (USA)

Description: This is Monoclonal antibody-forming drugs are given intravenously. It is designed to attach to the mutant coronavirus protein. It has been shown to link in vitro with variants.

Common side effects: Headache, dehydration, nausea and diarrhea.

Research name: VIR-7831.

Manufacturer/Developer: GSK, Vir Biotechnology.

• MOLNUPIVAVIR (USA)

Description: This is Antiviral drugs are given orally. It exerts antiviral effects through the introduction of replication errors during viral RNA replication. Used to treat the early stages of the disease.

Common side effects: Headache, nausea, diarrhea.

Research name: MK-4482.

Manufacturer/Developer: Merck, Ridgeback Biotherapeutics.

• FAVIPIVAVIR (JAPAN)

Description: Sold under the brand name Avigan. This is Antiviral drugs are given by both oral and intravenous routes. It is used to treat new strains of influenza.

Common side effects: Shortness of breath (Trivial).

Research name: T-705.

Manufacturer/Developer: Toyama Chemical, Zhejiang Hisun.